المراجع

Introduction (المقدمة)

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Chapter 1 (الفصل الأول)

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Chapter 2 (الفصل الثاني)

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Zipin, Lew & Brennan, Marie (2012): ‘Governing the Claim of Global Futures within Australian Higher Education’, in Adamson, Bob; Nixon, Jon & Su, Frank (eds.), The Reorientation of Higher Education: Challenging the East-West Dichotomy. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 31, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, and Dordrecht: Springer, pp.247-268.

Chapter 3 (الفصل الثالث)

Aikman, Sheila (2001): ‘Literacies, Languages and Developments in Peruvian Amazonia’, in Street, Brian V. (ed.), Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives. London: Routledge, pp.103-120.

Ary, Donald; Jacobs, Lucy Cheser & Sorensen, Chris (2010): Introduction to Research in Education. 8th edition, Belmont, California: Wadsworth.

Betts, Julia (2003): ‘Literacies and Livelihood Strategies: Experience from Usulután, El Salvador’. International Journal of Educational Development, Vol.23, No.3, pp.291-298.

Bledsoe, Caroline H. & Robey, Kenneth M. (1993): ‘Arabic Literacy and Secrecy among the Mende of Sierra Leone’, in Street, Brian (ed.), Cross-cultural Approaches to Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.110-134.

Brannen, Julia (2005): ‘Mixing Methods: The Entry of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches into the Research Process’. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, Vol.8, No.3, pp.173-184.

Bryman, Alan (1988): Quantity and Quality in Social Research. London: Routledge.

Crossley, Michael & Watson, Keith (2003): Comparative and International Research in Education: Globalisation, Context and Difference. London: RoutledgeFalmer.

Darcovich, Nancy (2000): ‘The Measurement of Adult Literacy in Theory and in Practice’. International Review of Education, Vol.46, No.5, pp. 367-376.

Dexter, Emily R., LeVine, Sarah E. & Velasco, Patricia M. (1998): ‘Maternal Schooling and Health-Related Language and Literacy Skills in Rural Mexico’. Comparative Education Review, Vol.42, No.2, pp.139-162.

Durgunoğlu, A.Y.; Öney, B. & Kuşcul, H. (2003): ‘Development and Evaluation of an Adult Literacy Program in Turkey’. International Journal of Educational Development, Vol.23, No.1, pp.17-36.

Dyer, Caroline & Choksi, Archana (2001): ‘Literacy, Schooling and Development: Views of Rabari Nomads, India’, in Street, Brian V. (ed.), Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives. London: Routledge, pp.27-39.

Elley, Warwick B. (1994): ‘Conclusions’, in Elley, Warwick B. (ed.), The IEA Study of Reading Literacy: Achievement and Instruction in Thirty-two School Systems. Oxford: Pergamon, pp.223-231.

Ezzaki, Abdelkader; Spratt, Jennifer E. & Wagner, Daniel A. (1999): ‘Childhood Literacy Acquisition in Rural Morocco: Effects of Language Differences and Quranic Preschooling’, in Wagner, Daniel A. (ed.), The Future of Literacy in a Changing World. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press, pp.183-198.

Fuller, Bruce; Edwards, John H.Y. & Gorman, Kathleen (1999): ‘Does Rising Literacy Spark Economic Growth? Commercial Expansion in Mexico’, in Wagner, Daniel A. (ed.), The Future of Literacy in a Changing World. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press, pp.373-396.

Fuller, Bruce, Hua, Haiyan & Snyder, Conrad W. (1994): ‘When Girls Learn More Than Boys: The Influence of Time in School and Pedagogy in Botswana’. Comparative Education Review, Vol.38, No.3, pp. 347-376.

Gorard, Stephen & Taylor, Chris (2004): Combining Methods in Educational and Social Research. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.

Greene, Jennifer C. (2007): Mixed Methods in Social Inquiry. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.

Guba, Egon G. & Lincoln, Yvonna S. (1994): ‘Competing Paradigms in Qualitative Research’, in Denzin, Norman K. & Lincoln, Yvonna S. (ed.), Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, pp.105-117.

Gunawardena, Chandra (1997): ‘Problems of Illiteracy in a Literate Developing Society: Sri Lanka’. International Review of Education, Vol.43, No.5-6, pp.595-609.

Hartas, Dimitra (ed.) (2010): Educational Research and Inquiry: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. London: Continuum.

Howe, Kenneth R. (2003): Closing Methodological Divides: Toward Democratic Educational Research. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Jennings, Zellyne (2000): ‘Functional Literacy of Young Guyanese Adults’. International Review of Education, Vol.46, No.1-2, pp.93-116.

Kulick, Don & Stroud, Christopher (1993): ‘Conceptions and Uses of Literacy in a Papua New Guinean Village’, in Street, Brian (ed.), Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.30-61.

Lavy, Victor & Spratt, Jennie (1997): ‘Patterns of Incidence and Change in Moroccan Literacy’. Comparative Education Review, Vol.41, No.2, pp. 120-141.

Maddox, Bryan (2005): ‘Assessing the Impact of Women’s Literacies in Bangladesh: An Ethnographic Inquiry’. International Journal of Educational Development, Vol.25, No.2, pp.123-132.

Mangubhai, Francis (1999): ‘Literacy in the South Pacific: Some Multilingual and Multiethnic Issues’, in Wagner, Daniel A. (ed.), The Future of Literacy in a Changing World. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press, pp.213-239.

May, Tim (2011): Social Research: Issues, Methods and Process. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.

Mpofu, Stanley T. & Youngman, Frank (2001): ‘The Dominant Tradition in Adult Literacy: A Comparative Study of National Literacy Programmes in Botswana and Zimbabwe’. International Review of Education, Vol.47, No.6, pp.573-595.

Mullis, Ina V.S.; Martin, Michael O.; Gonzalez, Eugenio J. & Kennedy, Ann M. (2003): PIRLS 2001 International Report: IEA’s Study of Reading Literacy Achievement in Primary School in 35 Countries. Chestnut Hill, MA: International Study Center, Boston College.

Mullis, Ina V.S.; Martin, Michael O.; Kennedy, Ann M.; Trong, Kathleen L.; & Sainsbury, Marian (2009): PIRLS 2011 Assessment Framework. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.

Mundy, Karen (1993): ‘Toward a Critical Analysis of Literacy in Southern Africa’. Comparative Education Review, Vol.37, No.4, pp.389-411.

Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J. & Leech, Nancy L. (2005): ‘On Becoming a Pragmatic Researcher: The Importance of Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methodologies’. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, Vol.8, No.5, pp.375-387.

Papen, Uta (2001): ‘“Literacy – Your Key to a Better Future”? Literacy, Reconciliation and Development in the National Literacy Programme in Namibia’, in Street, Brian V. (ed.), Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives. London: Routledge, pp.40-60.

Picciano, Anthony G. (2004): Educational Research Primer. London: Continuum.

Puchner, L. (2003): ‘Women and Literacy in Rural Mali: A Study of the Socio-economic Impact of Participating in Literacy Programs in Four Villages’. International Journal of Educational Development, Vol.23, No.4, pp.439-458.

Reder, Stephen & Wikelund, Karen Reed (1993): ‘Literacy Development and Ethnicity: An Alaskan Example’, in Street, Brian (ed.), Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.176-197.

Robinson-Pant, Anna (2000): ‘Women and Literacy: A Nepal Perspective’. International Journal of Educational Development, Vol.20, No.4, pp.349- 364.

Robinson-Pant, Anna (2001): ‘Women's Literacy and Health: Can an Ethnographic Researcher Find the Links?’, in Street, Brian V. (ed.), Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives. London: Routledge, pp.152-170.

Rockhill, Kathleen (1993): ‘Gender, Language, and the Politics of Literacy’, in Street, Brian (ed.), Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.156-175.

Schaffner, Julie (2005): ‘Subjective and Objective Measures of Literacy: Implications for Current Results-oriented Development Initiatives’. International Journal of Educational Development, Vol.25, No.6, pp.652-657.

Schnell-Anzola, Beatrice; Rowe, Meredith L. & LeVine, Robert A. (2005): ‘Literacy as a Pathway Between Schooling and Health-related Communication Skills: A Study of Venezuelan Mothers’. International Journal of Educational Development, Vol.25, No.1, pp.19-37.

van de Vijver, Fons & Leung, Kwok (1997): Methods and Data Analysis for Cross-Cultural Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Weinstein-Shr, Gail (1993): ‘Literacy and Social Practice: A Community in Transition’, in Street, Brian (ed.), Cross-cultural Approaches to Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.272-293.

Chapter 4 (الفصل الرابع)

Alexander, Robin (1999): ‘Comparing Classrooms and Schools’, in Alexander, Robin; Broadfoot, Patricia & Phillips, David (eds.), Learning from Comparing: New Directions in Comparative Educational Research, Vol.1: Contexts, Classrooms and Outcomes. Oxford: Symposium Books, pp.109-111.

Alexander, Robin (2000): Culture and Pedagogy: International Comparisons in Primary Education. Oxford: Blackwell.

Alexander, Robin (2001): ‘Border Crossings: Towards a Comparative Pedagogy’. Comparative Education, Vol.37, No.4, pp.507-523.

Alexiadou, Nafsika & van de Bunt-Kokhuis, Sylvia (2013): ‘Policy Space and the Governance of Education: Transnational Influences on Institutions and Identities in the Netherlands and the UK’. Comparative Education, Vol.49, No.3, pp.344-360.

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Andrews, Paul (2013): ‘Finnish Mathematics Teaching from a Reform Perspective: A Video-Based Case-Study Analysis’. Comparative Education Review, Vol.57, No.2, pp.189-211.

Beech, Jason (2002): ‘Latin American Education: Perceptions of Linearities and the Construction of Discursive Space’. Comparative Education, Vol.38, No.4, pp.415-427.

Benavot, Aaron & Resh, Nura (2001): ‘The Social Construction of the Local School Curriculum: Patterns of Diversity and Uniformity in Israeli Junior High Schools’. Comparative Education Review, Vol.45, No.4, pp.504-536.

Bereday, George Z.F. (1964): Comparative Method in Education. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Berg-Schlosser, Dirk (2001): ‘Comparative Studies: Method and Design’, in Smelser, Neil J. & Baltes, Paul B. (eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp.2427-2433.

Bray, Mark (2004): ‘Methodology and Focus in Comparative Education’, in Bray, Mark & Koo, Ramsey (eds.), Education and Society in Hong Kong and Macao: Comparative Perspectives on Continuity and Change. 2nd edition. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 7, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, pp.237-350.

Bray, Mark (2013): ‘Control of Education: Issues and Tensions in Centralization and Decentralization’, in Arnove, Robert F.; Torres, Carlos Alberto & Franz, Stephen (eds.), Comparative Education: The Dialectic of the Global and the Local. 4th edition, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, pp.201-222.

Bray, Mark & Koo, Ramsey (eds.) (2004): Education and Society in Hong Kong and Macao: Comparative Perspectives on Continuity and Change. 2nd edition. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 7, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre.

Bray, Mark; Mazawi, André & Sultana, Ronald (eds.) (2013): Private Tutoring across the Mediterranean: Power Dynamics, and Implications for Learning and Equity. Rotterdam: Sense.

Bray, Mark & Yamato, Yoko (2003): ‘Comparative Education in a Micro-cosm: Methodological Insights from the International Schools Sector in Hong Kong’, International Review of Education, Vol.49, Nos. 1 & 2, pp.49-71.

Broadfoot, Patricia (1999): ‘Comparative Research on Pupil Achievement: In Search of Validity, Reliability and Utility’, in Alexander, Robin; Broadfoot, Patricia & Phillips, David (eds.), Learning from Comparing: New Directions in Comparative Educational Research, Vol.1: Contexts, Classrooms and Outcomes. Oxford: Symposium Books, pp.237-259.

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Cowen, Robert (2000b): ‘Comparing Futures or Comparing Pasts?’. Comparative Education, Vol.36, No.3, pp.333-342.

Cowen, Robert (2002): ‘Sketches of a Future: Renegotiating the Unit Ideas of Comparative Education’, in Caruso, Marcelo & Tenorth, Heinz-Elmar (eds.), Internationalisierung/Internationalisation. Semantik und Bildungssystem in vergleichender Perspektive/Comparing Educational Systems and Semantics. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, pp.271-283.

Cowen, Robert (2009a): ‘Then and Now’: Unit Ideas and Comparative Education’, in Cowen, Robert & Kazamias, Andreas M. (eds.), International Handbook of Comparative Education. Dordrecht: Springer, pp.1277-1294.

Cowen, Robert (2009b): ‘The National, the International, and the Global’, in Cowen, Robert & Kazamias, Andreas M. (eds.), International Handbook of Comparative Education. Dordrecht: Springer, pp.337-340.

Crossley, Michael (2009): ‘Rethinking Context in Comparative Education’, in Cowen, Robert & Kazamias, Andreas M. (eds.), International Handbook of Comparative Education. Dordrecht: Springer, pp.1173- 1187.

Crossley, Michael & Vulliamy, Graham (2011): Qualitative Educational Research in Developing Countries: Current Perspectives. New York: Garland Press.

Crossley, Michael & Watson, Keith (2003): Comparative and International Research in Education: Globalisation, Context and Difference. London: RoutledgeFalmer.

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Fox, Christine; Majhanovich, Suzanne & Gök, Fatma (2011): ‘Bordering and Re-bordering in Education: Introduction’. International Review of Education, Vol.57, Nos.3-4, pp.247-260.

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Getis, Arthur; Getis, Judith; Bjelland, Mark D. & Fellmann, Jerome D. (2011): Introduction to Geography. 13th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

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Chapter 5 (الفصل الخامس)

Adams, Don (2004): Education and National Development: Priorities, Policies, and Planning. Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, and Manila: Asian Development Bank.

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Chapter 8 (الفصل الثامن)

Alexander, Robin (2000): Culture and Pedagogy: International Comparisons in Primary Education. Oxford: Blackwell.

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Chan, Carol K.K. & Rao, Nirmala (eds.) (2009b): Revisiting the Chinese Learner: Changing Contexts, Changing Education. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 25, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, and Dordrecht: Springer.

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Chapter 9 (الفصل التاسع)

Ainley, John; Schulz, William & Friedman, Tim (eds.) (2013): ICCS 2009 Encyclopedia: Approaches to Civic and Citizenship Education around the World. Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).

Beck, John (1998): Morality and Citizenship in Education. London: Cassell.

Bromley, Patricia (2009): ‘Cosmopolitanism in Civic Education: Exploring Cross-National Trends, 1970-2008’. Current Issues in Comparative Education, Vol.12, No.1, pp.33-44.

Buk‐Berge, Elisabeth (2006): ‘Missed Opportunities: The IEA’s Study of Civic Education and Civic Education in Post‐Communist Countries’. Comparative Education, Vol.42, No.4, pp.533-548.

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Cogan, John J. (2000): ‘Citizenship Education for the 21st Century: Setting the Context’, in Cogan, John J. & Derricott, Ray (eds.), Citizenship for the 21st Century: An International Perspective on Education. London: Kogan Page, pp.1-22.

Cogan, John J.; Morris, Paul & Print, Murray (2002): ‘Civic Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: An Introduction’, in Cogan, John J.; Morris, Paul & Print, Murray (eds.), Civic Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Case Studies across Six Societies. New York: RoutledgeFalmer, pp.1-22.

Coppedge, Michael (1997): ‘How the Large N Could Complement the Small N in Democratisation Research’. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, August.

Cummings, William K. (1998): ‘What should be the Future Focus of Values Education in the Pacific Rim: View of Educational Elites from Eleven Countries’. Unpublished working paper for the project “Building Bridges of Understanding and Belief in the Pacific Rim”, funded by the Pacific Basin Research Centre, Soka University of America.

Cummings, William K. (2001): ‘The Future of Values Education in the Pacific Basin’, in Cummings, William K.; Hawkins, John & Tatto, Maria T. (eds.), Values Education for Dynamic Societies: Individualism or Collectivism. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 11, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, pp.285-298.

Cummings, William K.; Gopinathan, Saravanan & Tomoda, Yasumasa (eds.) (1988): The Revival of Values Education in Asia and the West. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Cummings, William K.; Hawkins, John & Steiner-Khamsi, Gita (1996): ‘Building Bridges of Understanding and Belief in the Pacific Rim’. Proposal submitted to the Pacific Basin Research Centre, Soka University of America.

Cummings, William K.; Hawkins, John & Tatto, Maria T. (eds.) (2001a): Values Education for Dynamic Societies: Individualism or Collectivism. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 11, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong.

Cummings, William K.; Hawkins, John & Tatto, Maria T. (2001b): ‘The Revival of Values Education in the Pacific Basin’, in Cummings, William K.; Hawkins, John & Tatto, Maria T. (eds.), Values Education for Dynamic Societies: Individualism or Collectivism. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 11, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, pp.1-17.

Gardner, Roy; Cairns, Jo & Lawton, Denis (eds.) (2000): Education for Values: Morals, Ethics and Citizenship in Contemporary Teaching. London: Kogan Page.

Grossman, David; Lee, Wing On & Kennedy, Kerry (eds.) (2008): Citizenship Curriculum in Asia and Pacific. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 22, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong & Dordrecht: Springer.

Hahn, Carole (1998): Becoming Political: Comparative Perspectives on Citizenship Education. New York: State University of New York Press.

Hahn, Carole (2010): ‘Comparative Civic Education Research: What We Know and What We Need to Know’. Citizenship Teaching and Learning, Vol.6, No.1, pp.5-23.

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Karsten, Sjoerd; Kubow, Patricia; Matrai, Zsuzsa & Pitiyanuwat, Somwung (2000): ‘Challenges Facing the 21st Century: Views of Policy Makers’, in Cogan, John J. & Derricott, Ray (eds.), Citizenship for the 21st Century: An International Perspective on Education. London: Kogan Page, pp.109-130.

Kennedy, Kerry; Lee, Wing On & Grossman, David (eds.) (2010): Citizenship Pedagogies in Asia and Pacific. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 28, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong & Dordrecht: Springer.

Kennedy, Kerry; Hahn, Carole & Lee, Wing On (2008): ‘Constructing Citizenship: Comparing the Views of Students in Australia, Hong Kong, and the United States’. Comparative Education Review, Vol.52, No.1, pp.53-91.

Kurth-Schai, Ruthanne; Poolpatarachewin, Chumpol & Pitiyanuwat, Somwung (2000): ‘Using the Delphi Cross-culturally: Towards the Development of Policy’, in Cogan, John J. & Derricott, Ray (eds.), Citizenship for the 21st Century: An International Perspective on Education. London: Kogan Page, pp.93-108.

Lee, Wing On (1997): ‘Measuring Impact of Social Value and Change’, in Montgomery, John D. (ed.), Values in Education: Social Capital Formation in Asia and the Pacific. Hollis, New Hampshire: Hollis Publishing Company, pp.113-134.

Lee, Wing On & Fouts, Jeffrey T. (eds.) (2005): Education and Social Citizenship: Perceptions of Teachers in USA, Australia, England, Russia and China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.

Lee, Wing On; Grossman, David; Kennedy, Kerry & Fairbrother, Gregory (eds.) (2004): Citizenship Education in Asia and the Pacific: Concepts and Issues. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 14, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong.

Levi-Faur, David (2006): ‘A Question of Size? A Heuristics Stepwise Comparative Research Design’, in Rihoux, Benoît & Grimm, Heike (eds.), Innovative Comparative Methods for Policy Analysis: Beyond the Quantitative-Qualitative Divide. Dordrecht: Springer, pp.43-66.

Meyer, John; Bromley, Patricia & Ramirez, Francisco (2010): ‘Human Rights in Social Science Textbooks: Cross-National Analyses, 1970-2008’. Sociology of Education, Vol.83, No.2, pp.111-134.

Moon, Rennie J. & Koo, Jeong-Woo (2011): ‘Global Citizenship and Human Rights: A Longitudinal Analysis of Social Studies and Ethics Textbooks in the Republic of Korea’. Comparative Education Review, Vol.55, No.4, pp.574-599.

Morris, Paul; Cogan, John & Liu, M.H. (2002): ‘A Comparative Overview: Civic Education Across the Six Societies’, in Cogan, John; Morris, Paul & Print, Murray (eds.), Civic Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Case Studies Across Six Societies. New York: RoutledgeFalmer, pp. 167-189.

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Schulz, Wolfram; Ainley, John & Fraillon, Julian (eds.) (2011): ICCS 2009 Technical Report. Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).

Steiner-Khamsi, Gita; Torney-Purta, Judith & Schwille, John (eds.) (2002a): New Paradigms and Recurring Paradoxes in Education for Citizenship: An International Comparison. Oxford: JAI [Elsevier Science], pp.1-36.

Steiner-Khamsi, Gita; Torney-Purta, Judith & Schwille, John (2002b): ‘Introduction: Issues and Insights in Cross-National Analysis of Qualitative Studies’, in Steiner-Khamsi, Gita; Torney-Purta, Judith & Schwille, John (eds.), New Paradigms and Recurring Paradoxes in Education for Citizenship: An International Comparison. Oxford: JAI [Elsevier Science], pp.1-36.

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Torney-Purta, Judith & Amadeo, Jo-Ann (2013): ‘The Contributions of International Large-Scale Studies in Civic Education and Engagement’, in von Davier, Matthias; Gonzalez, Eugenio; Kirsch, Irwin & Yamamoto, Kentaro (eds.), The Role of International Large-Scale Assessments: Perspectives from Technology, Economy and Educational Research. Dordrecht: Springer.

Torney-Purta, Judith; Lehmann, Rainer; Oswald, Hans & Schulz, Wolfram (eds.) (2001): Citizenship and Education in Twenty-Eight Countries: Civic Knowledge and Engagement at Age Fourteen. Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement.

Young, Cho & Tae, Kim (2013): ‘Asian Civic Values: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Three East Asian Societies’. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, Vol.22, No.1, pp.21-31.

Chapter 10 (الفصل العاشر)

Altbach, Philip G. (1998): Comparative Higher Education: Knowledge, the University, and Development. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 3, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong.

Altbach, Philip G. (2001): ‘The American Academic Model in Comparative Perspective’, in Altbach, Philip G.; Gumport, Patricia J. & Johnstone, Bruce D. (eds.), In Defence of American Higher Education. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp.11-37.

Anderson, James E. (1984): Public Policy-Making. 3rd edition, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Ball, Stephen J. (1990): Politics and Policy-making in Education: Explorations in Policy Sociology. London: Routledge.

Ball, Stephen J. (1994): Education Reform: A Critical and Post-Structural Approach. Buckingham: Open University Press.

Bowe, Richard; Ball, Stephen J. & Gold, Anne (1992): Reforming Education and Changing Schools: Case Studies in Policy Sociology. London: Routledge.

Bray, Mark (ed.) (2003): Comparative Education: Continuing Traditions, New Challenges, and New Paradigms. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Crossley, Michael & Watson, Keith (2003): Comparative and International Research in Education: Globalisation, Context and Difference. London: RoutledgeFalmer.

Crystal, David (1997): English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cunningham, Sir Charles (1963): ‘Policy and Practice’. Public Administration, Vol.41, No.2, pp.229-237.

Dahrendorf, Ralf (1959): Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

DeNardis, Laura (2009): Protocol Politics: The Globalization of Internet Governance. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Dewey, John (1910): The Influence of Darwin on Philosophy and Other Essays. New York: Henry Holt & Company.

Ding, Huang & Ding, Mingjie (2004): ‘A Case Analysis of the Distorted Policy-Implementation Game and its Effects’. Wuhan University Journal (Philosophy and Social Sciences), Vol.57, No.6, pp.804-809. [باللغة الصينية]

Ding, Xiaojiong (2011): Policy Metamorphosis in China: A Case Study of Minban Education in Shanghai. Lanham: Lexington Books.

Dye, Thomas R. (1992): Understanding Public Policy. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

Etzioni, Amita (1967): ‘Mixed-Scanning: A “Third” Approach to Decision-Making’. Public Administration Review, Vol.27, No.4, pp.385-392.

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Chapter 11 (الفصل الحادي عشر)

Adamson, Bob (2011): ‘Embedding Assessment for Learning’, in Berry, Rita & Adamson, Bob (eds.), Assessment Reform in Education: Policy and Practice. Dordrecht: Springer, pp.197-203.

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Chapter 12 (الفصل الثاني عشر)

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CERI/OECD (2010): Inspired by Technology, Driven by Pedagogy: A Systemic Approach to Technology-Based School Innovations, Educational Research and Innovation. Paris: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

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Cros, Françoise (1999): ‘Innovation in Education: Managing the Future?’, in CERI/OECD (ed.), Innovating Schools. Paris: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), pp.59-78.

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Hargreaves, David H. (2003): Education Epidemic: Transforming Secondary Schools through Innovation Networks. London: Demos.

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Kampylis, Panagiotis; Law, Nancy & Punie, Yves (eds.) (2013): ICT-enabled Innovation for Learning in Europe and Asia: Exploring Conditions for Sustainability, Scalability and Impact at System Level. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

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Kozma, Robert B. & McGhee, Raymond (2003): ‘ICT and Innovative Classroom Practices’ in Kozma, Robert B. (ed.), Technology, Innovation, and Educational Change: A Global Perspective. Eugene: International Society for Technology in Education.

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Law, Nancy; Chow, Angela & Yuen, Allan H.K. (2005): ‘Methodological Approaches to Comparing Pedagogical Innovations using Technology’. Education and Information Technologies, Vol.10, Nos.1-2, pp.7-20.

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Shear, Linda; Novais, Gabriel & Moorthy, Savitha (2010): ITL Research: Pilot Year Findings and Lessons Learned. Menlo Park: SRI International.

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Chapter 13 (الفصل الثالث عشر)

Beishuizen, J.J.; Hof, E.; van Putten, C.M.; Bouwmeeter, S. & Asscher, J.J. (2001): ‘Students’ and Teachers’ Cognitions about Good Teachers’. British Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol.71, No.2, pp.185-202.

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Chapter 14 (الفصل الرابع عشر)

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Harmon, M.; Smith, Teresa A.; Martin, Michael O.; Kelly, D.L.; Beaton, Albert E.; Mullis, Ina V.S.; Gonzalez, Eugenio J. & Orpwood, G. (1997): Performance Assessment in IEA’s Third International Mathematics and Science Study. Chestnut Hill, MA: International Study Center, Boston College.

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Kim, K., Si, K., Kim, M., Kim, B., Ok, H., Yim, H., Yun, M., & Park, S. (2010). An Analysis of Higher Achievement of Korean Students in OECD PISA. Seoul: Korea Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation. RRE 2010-14.

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Martin, Michael O.; Mullis, Ina V.S.; Gonzales, Eugenio J.; Gregory, Kelvin D.; Smith, Teresa A.; Chrostowski, Steven J.; Garden, Robert A. & O’Connor, Kathleen M. (2000): TIMSS 1999 International Science Report: Findings from IEA’s Repeat of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study at the Eighth Grade. Chestnut Hill, MA: International Study Center, Boston College.

Mullis, Ina V.S.; Martin, Michael O.; Gonzales, Eugenio J.; Gregory, Kelvin D.; Garden, Robert A.; O’Connor, Kathleen M.; Chrostowski, Steven J. & Smith, Teresa A. (2000): TIMSS 1999 International Mathematics Report: Findings from IEA’s Repeat of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study at the Eighth Grade. Chestnut Hill, MA: International Study Center, Boston College.

Mullis, Ina V.S.; Martin, Michael O.; Robitaille, David F. & Foy, Pierre (2009): TIMSS Advanced 2008 International Report: Findings from IEA's Study of Achievement in Advanced Mathematics and Physics in the Final Year of Secondary School. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.

Mullis, Ina V.S.; Martin, Michael O.; Ruddock, Graham J.; O’Sullivan, Christine Y.; Preuschoff, Corinna (2009): TIMSS 2011 Assessment Frameworks. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.

Mullis, Ina V.S.; Martin, Michael O.; Foy, Pierre, Arora, Alka (2012): TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.

OECD (1999): Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills: A New Framework for Assessment. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

OECD (2010a): PISA 2009 Assessment Framework: Key Competencies in Reading, Mathematics and Science. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

OECD (2010b): PISA 2009 Results – What Students Know and Can Do: Student Performance in Reading, Mathematics and Science. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

OECD (2010c): Translation and Adaptation Guidelines for PISA 2012. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Postlethwaite, T. Neville (2004): Monitoring Educational Achievement. Fundamentals of Educational Planning 81, Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).

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Chapter 15 (الفصل الخامس عشر)

Arthur, Lore (2004): ‘Bridging Gaps and Clearing Pathways: Towards the Construction of Intercultural Meaning’. Paper presented at the 12th World Congress of Comparative Education Societies, Havana, Cuba, 25-29 October.

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Cowen, Robert (2000): ‘Comparing Futures or Comparing Pasts?’. Comparative Education, Vol.36, No.3, pp.333-342.

Cowen, Robert & Kazamias, Andreas M. (2009): ‘Conclusion’, in Cowen, Robert & Kazamias, Andreas M. (eds.), International Handbook of Comparative Education. Dordrecht: Springer, pp.1295-1296.

Crossley, Michael (2000): ‘Bridging Cultures and Traditions in the Reconceptualisation of Comparative and International Education’. Comparative Education, Vol.36, No.3, pp.319-332.

Crossley, Michael (2006): ‘Bridging Cultures and Traditions: Perspectives from Comparative and International Research in Education’. Inaugural Professorial Lecture, University of Bristol, 9 February.

Crossley, Michael & Jarvis, Peter (2000): ‘Introduction: Continuity and Change in Comparative and International Education’. Comparative Education, Vol.36, No.3, pp.261-265.

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Manzon, Maria (2010): ‘Shape-shifting of Comparative Education: Towards a Comparative History of the Field’, in Larsen, Marianne A. (ed.), New Thinking in Comparative Education: Honouring Robert Cowen. Rotterdam: Sense, pp.83-101.

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Mullis, Ina V.C.; Martin, Michael O. & Foy, Pierre (2005): IEA’s TIMSS 2003 International Report on Achievement in the Mathematics Cognitive Domains: Findings from a Developmental Project. Chestnut Hill: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.

Mullis, Ina V.C.; Martin, Michael O.; Foy, Pierre & Alka, Arora (2012): TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics. Chestnut Hill: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.

Ninnes, Peter & Mehta, Sonia (2004): ‘A Meander through the Maze: Comparative Education and Postfoundational Studies’, in Ninnes, Peter & Mehta, Sonia (eds.), Reimagining Comparative Education: Postfoundational Ideas and Applications for Critical Times. New York: RoutledgeFalmer, pp.1-18.

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OECD (2011b): Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Education Policy Advice for Greece. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

OECD (2012): Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for Japan States. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Pereyra, Miguel A.; Kotthof, Hans-Georg & Cowen, Robert (eds.) (2011): PISA Under Examination: Changing Knowledge, Changing Tests, and Changing Schools. Rotterdam: Sense.

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Rust, Val D.; Johnstone, Brian & Allaf, Carine (2009): ‘Reflections on the Development of Comparative Education’, in Cowen, Robert & Kazamias, Andreas M. (eds.), International Handbook of Comparative Education. Dordrecht: Springer, pp.121-139.

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Sobe, Noah W. & Kowalczyk, Jamie (2014): ‘Exploding the Cube: Revisioning “Context” in the Field of Comparative Education’. Current Issues in Comparative Education, Vol.17, No.1.

Watson, Keith (1996): ‘Comparative Education’, in Gordon, Peter (ed.), A Guide to Educational Research. London: Woburn Press, pp.360-397.

Wolhuter, C.C. (2008): ‘Review of the Review: Constructing the Identity of Comparative Education’. Research in Comparative and International Education, Vol.3, No.4, pp.323-344.

Wiseman, Alexander W. & Anderson, Emily (2013): ‘Diversification of the Field’, in Wiseman, Alexander W. & Anderson, Emily (eds.), Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2013. Bingley: Emerald, pp.221-226.

Wiseman, Alexander W. & Huang, Tiedan (2011): ‘The Development of Comparative Education Research on Chinese Educational Policy Reform: An Introduction’, in Huang, Tiedan & Wiseman, Alexander W. (eds.), The Impact and Transformation of Education Policy in China. Bingley: Emerald, pp.1-18.